| APPLESOFT Reference |
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| Statements and Lines |
| A line typed without a line number is executed immediately;
those lines typed with a line number are saved for execution with
the RUN command. |
| : |
Separates multiple statements on the same line. |
| REM |
Designates a remark for comments. |
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|
| Operations on Whole Programs |
| NEW |
Erases the current program and clears all variables. |
| CLEAR |
Resets all variables. |
| LIST |
Displays the entire current program. |
| LIST 11-12 |
Displays the lines from 11 to 12. |
| RUN |
Executes the current program. |
| RUN n |
Executes the current program from line n. |
| LOAD |
Loads a
program from the cassette I/O port. |
| SAVE |
Saves a program
to the cassette I/O port. |
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|
| Variables |
| Real |
AB |
+/- 9.9999999 E+37 |
| Integer |
AB% |
+/- 32767 |
| String |
AB$ |
0 to 255 characters |
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|
| Arrays |
| Real |
AB(x,y,z) |
| Integer |
AB%(x,y,z) |
| String |
AB$(x,y,z) |
Where A is a letter, B is a letter or digit. The
size of an array is limited only by the available memory. |
| DIM a (x,y,z) |
Defines the array a with maximum subscripts of x,
y and z. |
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|
| Arithmetic Operators |
| = |
Assigns a value to a variable |
| - |
Subtraction |
| + |
Addition |
| / |
Division |
| * |
Multiplication |
| ^ |
Exponentiation |
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|
| Logical Operators |
| AND |
Both true |
| OR |
Either one or both true |
| NOT |
Is false |
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| Relational Operators |
| = |
Equal to |
| < |
Less than |
| > |
Greater than |
| <= =< |
Less than or equal to |
| >= => |
Greater than or equal to |
| <> >< |
Not equal to |
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|
| Arithmetic Functions |
| ABS(x) |
Absolute value of x |
| SGN(x) |
-1 if x<0, 0 if x=0, 1 if x>0 |
| INT(x) |
Integer portion of x |
| SQR(x) |
Square root of x |
| SIN(x) |
Sine of x |
| COS(x) |
Cosine of x |
| TAN(x) |
Tangent of x |
| ATN(x) |
Arctangent of x |
| EXP(x) |
e raised to the xth power |
| LOG(x) |
Natural logarithm of x |
| RND(x) |
if x>0, random number between 0 and 1
if x=0, repeats last random number
if x<0, begins new repeatable sequence |
| DEF FN (x) = expr |
Defines a function |
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| String Operations |
| + |
Concatenates Strings |
| LEN(s) |
Length of string s |
| LEFT$(s,x) |
Leftmost x characters of string s |
| MID$(s,x,y) |
y characters from s, beginning at position x |
| RIGHT$(s,x) |
Rightmost x characters of string s |
| STR$(x) |
String representing x |
| VAL(s) |
Numeric value of string s |
| CHR$(x) |
Character with ASCII code x |
| ASC(s) |
ASCII code for first character in string s |
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|
| Control |
| GOTO n |
Branches to line n |
| ON expr GOTO n1,n2,n3... |
Branches to line n1,n2,n3...depending on the value
of expr |
| IF cond THEN s1:s2:s3 |
Executes statements s1,s2,s3...if expr is true |
| IF expr GOTO
line |
Shorthand
for "IF expr THEN GOTO line", but the interpreter remembers the
syntax (it doesn't tokenize it as an if-then-goto, but rather as
if-goto) |
| FOR v=x TO y STEP z |
Begins a loop for all values of v from x to y by z;
if step is omitted, 1 is understood. |
| NEXT v |
Repeats loop for next value of v |
| GOSUB n |
Branches to subroutine at line n |
| RETURN |
Returns to point of call from a subroutine |
| ON expr GOSUB n1,n2,n3... |
Branches to subroutine at line n1,n2,n3...depending
on the value of expr |
| POP |
Removes one address from the return stack |
| ONERR GOTO n |
Sets the line number branched to when an error occurs. |
| RESUME |
Re-executes statement causing an error. |
| STOP |
Halts program and print line number |
| CONT |
Resumes program execution |
| END |
Halts program execution |
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|
| Utility Statements |
| PEEK(addr) |
Value of memory location addr |
| POKE addr,x |
Sets memory location addr to x |
| CALL addr |
Executes machine language routine at addr |
| USR(x) |
Passes argument to machine language routine |
| HIMEM:addr |
Sets highest available memory to addr |
| LOMEM:addr |
Sets lowest available memory to addr. |
| FRE(0) |
Amount of available storage |
| TRACE |
Displays the number of each executed line |
| NOTRACE |
Turns line numbering off |
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|
| Graphics |
| GR |
Sets lores graphics mode and clears screen |
| COLOR=x |
Sets lores drawing color to x |
| PLOT x,y |
Draws a dot at location x,y |
| HLIN x1,x2 at y |
Draws a horizontal line from x1,y to x2,y |
| VLIN y1,y2 at x |
Draws a vertical line from x,y1 to x,y2 |
| SCRN(x,y) |
Color on the screen at x,y |
| HGR |
Displays hires page1, mixed mode. |
| HGR2 |
Displays hires page2, full screen graphics |
| HCOLOR=x |
Sets hires drawing color to x |
| HPLOT x,y |
Plots a dot at coordinate x,y |
| HPLOT x1,y1 TO x2,y2 |
Draws a hires line from x1,y1 to x2,y2 |
| DRAW n AT x,y |
Draws shape n at coordinate x,y |
| XDRAW n AT x,y |
Draws shape n at x,y using exclusive-or |
| SCALE=x |
Sets scale to x for shape drawing |
| ROT=x |
Sets rotation to x for shape drawing |
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|
| Input/Output |
| IN# n |
Re-directs input from slot number n |
| INPUT s;x,y,... |
Prompts with string s, then reads x,y,... |
| GET c |
Reads a single character from keyboard |
| READ x,y,... |
Reads values from DATA list into x,y,... |
| DATA x,y,... |
List of data value |
| RESTORE |
Restarts DATA list from beginning |
| PDL(n) |
Value of paddle n, either 0 or 1 |
| PR# n |
Re-directs output to slot number n |
| PRINT x,y,... |
Prints values x,y,... |
| ? |
Shorthand
for PRINT |
| TEXT |
Sets text mode |
| HOME |
Clears the text screen |
| HTAB x |
Sets cursor horizontal to x |
| VTAB x |
Sets cursor vertical to x |
| INVERSE |
Sets text printing to black on white |
| NORMAL |
Sets text printing to white on black |
| FLASH |
Makes text flash on screen |
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| Links to other command sets:
Integer Basic | DOS
3.3 | ProDOS |
