BIND 9 BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of BIND 9 are: - DNS Security DNSSEC (signed zones) TSIG (signed DNS requests) - IP version 6 Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets IPv6 resource records (AAAA) Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library - DNS Protocol Enhancements IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0 Improved standards conformance - Views One server process can provide multiple "views" of the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain clients, and an "outside" view to others. - Multiprocessor Support - Improved Portability Architecture BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following organizations: Sun Microsystems, Inc. Hewlett Packard Compaq Computer Corporation IBM Process Software Corporation Silicon Graphics, Inc. Network Associates, Inc. U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency USENIX Association Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation Nominum, Inc. For a summary of functional enhancements in previous releases, see the HISTORY file. For a detailed list of user-visible changes from previous releases, see the CHANGES file. For up-to-date release notes and errata, see http://www.isc.org/software/bind9/releasenotes BIND 9.9.9 BIND 9.9.9 is a maintenance release and addresses bugs found in BIND 9.9.8 and earlier, as well as the security flaws described in CVE-2015-8000, CVE-2015-8461, CVE-2015-8704, CVE-2016-1285, and CVE-2016-1286. BIND 9.9.8 BIND 9.9.8 is a maintenance release and addresses bugs found in BIND 9.9.7 and earlier, as well as the security flaws described in CVE-2015-4620, CVE-2015-5477, CVE-2015-5722, and CVE-2015-5986. It also makes the following new features available via a compile-time option: - New "fetchlimit" quotas are now available for the use of recursive resolvers that are are under high query load for domains whose authoritative servers are nonresponsive or are experiencing a denial of service attack. + "fetches-per-server" limits the number of simultaneous queries that can be sent to any single authoritative server. The configured value is a starting point; it is automatically adjusted downward if the server is partially or completely non-responsive. The algorithm used to adjust the quota can be configured via the "fetch-quota-params" option. + "fetches-per-zone" limits the number of simultaneous queries that can be sent for names within a single domain. (Note: Unlike "fetches-per-server", this value is not self-tuning.) + New stats counters have been added to count queries spilled due to these quotas. NOTE: These options are NOT built in by default; use "configure --enable-fetchlimit" to enable them. BIND 9.9.7 BIND 9.9.7 is a maintenance release and addresses bugs found in BIND 9.9.6 and earlier, as well as the security flaws described in CVE-2014-8500 and CVE-2015-1349. BIND 9.9.6 BIND 9.9.6 is a maintenance release, and also includes the following new functionality. - The former behavior with respect to capitalization of names (prior to BIND 9.9.5) can be restored for specific clients via the new "no-case-compress" ACL. BIND 9.9.5 BIND 9.9.5 is a maintenance release, and patches the security flaws described in CVE-2013-6320 and CVE-2014-0591. It also includes the following functional enhancements: - "named" now preserves the capitalization of names when responding to queries. - new "dnssec-importkey" command allows the use of offline DNSSEC keys with automatic DNSKEY management. - When re-signing a zone, the new "dnssec-signzone -Q" option drops signatures from keys that are still published but are no longer active. - "named-checkconf -px" will print the contents of configuration files with the shared secrets obscured, making it easier to share configuration (e.g. when submitting a bug report) without revealing private information. BIND 9.9.4 BIND 9.9.4 is a maintenance release, and patches the security flaws described in CVE-2013-3919 and CVE-2013-4854. It also introduces DNS Response Rate Limiting (DNS RRL) as a compile-time option. To use this feature, configure with the "--enable-rrl" option. BIND 9.9.3 BIND 9.9.3 is a maintenance release and patches the security flaws described in CVE-2012-5688, CVE-2012-5689 and CVE-2013-2266. BIND 9.9.2 BIND 9.9.2 is a maintenance release and patches the security flaw described in CVE-2012-4244. BIND 9.9.1 BIND 9.9.1 is a maintenance release. BIND 9.9.0 BIND 9.9.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.8 and earlier releases. New features include: - Inline signing, allowing automatic DNSSEC signing of master zones without modification of the zonefile, or "bump in the wire" signing in slaves. - NXDOMAIN redirection. - New 'rndc flushtree' command clears all data under a given name from the DNS cache. - New 'rndc sync' command dumps pending changes in a dynamic zone to disk without a freeze/thaw cycle. - New 'rndc signing' command displays or clears signing status records in 'auto-dnssec' zones. - NSEC3 parameters for 'auto-dnssec' zones can now be set prior to signing, eliminating the need to initially sign with NSEC. - Startup time improvements on large authoritative servers. - Slave zones are now saved in raw format by default. - Several improvements to response policy zones (RPZ). - Improved hardware scalability by using multiple threads to listen for queries and using finer-grained client locking - The 'also-notify' option now takes the same syntax as 'masters', so it can used named masterlists and TSIG keys. - 'dnssec-signzone -D' writes an output file containing only DNSSEC data, which can be included by the primary zone file. - 'dnssec-signzone -R' forces removal of signatures that are not expired but were created by a key which no longer exists. - 'dnssec-signzone -X' allows a separate expiration date to be specified for DNSKEY signatures from other signatures. - New '-L' option to dnssec-keygen, dnssec-settime, and dnssec-keyfromlabel sets the default TTL for the key. - dnssec-dsfromkey now supports reading from standard input, to make it easier to convert DNSKEY to DS. - RFC 1918 reverse zones have been added to the empty-zones table per RFC 6303. - Dynamic updates can now optionally set the zone's SOA serial number to the current UNIX time. - DLZ modules can now retrieve the source IP address of the querying client. - 'request-ixfr' option can now be set at the per-zone level. - 'dig +rrcomments' turns on comments about DNSKEY records, indicating their key ID, algorithm and function - Simplified nsupdate syntax and added readline support Building BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler, basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type. We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems: COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B Fedora Core 6 FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1, 6.2 HP-UX 11.11 Mac OS X 10.5 NetBSD 3.x, 4.0-beta, 5.0-beta OpenBSD 3.3 and up Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86), 10 Ubuntu 7.04, 7.10 Windows XP/2003/2008 NOTE: As of BIND 9.5.1, 9.4.3, and 9.3.6, older versions of Windows, including Windows NT and Windows 2000, are no longer supported. We have recent reports from the user community that a supported version of BIND will build and run on the following systems: AIX 4.3, 5L CentOS 4, 4.5, 5 Darwin 9.0.0d1/ARM Debian 4, 5, 6 Fedora Core 5, 7, 8 FreeBSD 6, 7, 8 HP-UX 11.23 PA MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, 6 SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Slackware 9, 10 SuSE 9, 10 To build, just ./configure make Do not use a parallel "make". Several environment variables that can be set before running configure will affect compilation: CC The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure out the right one for supported systems. CFLAGS C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2 as supported by the compiler. Please include '-g' if you need to set CFLAGS. STD_CINCLUDES System header file directories. Can be used to specify where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example. Defaults to empty string. STD_CDEFINES Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined. Defaults to empty string. Possible settings: Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd. -DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0 Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig. -DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and -DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1) Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports. -DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0 Sibling glue checking in named-checkzone is enabled by default. To disable the default check set. -DCHECK_SIBLING=0 named-checkzone checks out-of-zone addresses by default. To disable this default set. -DCHECK_LOCAL=0 To create the default pid files in ${localstatedir}/run rather than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/ set. -DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0 Enable workaround for Solaris kernel bug about /dev/poll -DISC_SOCKET_USE_POLLWATCH=1 The watch timeout is also configurable, e.g., -DISC_SOCKET_POLLWATCH_TIMEOUT=20 LDFLAGS Linker flags. Defaults to empty string. The following need to be set when cross compiling. BUILD_CC The native C compiler. BUILD_CFLAGS (optional) BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional) Possible Settings: -DNEED_OPTARG=1 (optarg is not declared in ) BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional) BUILD_LIBS (optional) To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the configure command line. For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix". On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large file support to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be done by "--enable-largefile" on the configure command line. On some platforms, BIND 9 can be built with multithreading support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs. You can specify whether to build a multithreaded BIND 9 by specifying "--enable-threads" or "--disable-threads" on the configure command line. The default is operating system dependent. Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled or disabled by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" or "--disable-fixed-rrset" on the configure command line. The default is "disabled", to reduce memory footprint. If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6 separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location. "make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries. By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed with the "--prefix" option when running "configure". You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default, and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8, --sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to "/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir defaults to "$prefix/var". To see additional configure options, run "configure --help". Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8 compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir. If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find "make tags" helpful. If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first. This will ensure that all the option changes take. Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux). Known compiler issues: * gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86. * gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02. * gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02. * Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems. A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README for details. SunOS 4 requires "printf" to be installed to make the shared libraries. sh-utils-1.16 provides a "printf" which compiles on SunOS 4. Known limitations Linux requires kernel build 2.6.39 or later to get the performance benefits from using multiple sockets. Documentation The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the doc/arm directory. Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages in their directories. In particular, the command line options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8. There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library. If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9. Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in FAQ. Additional information on various subjects can be found in the other README files. Change Log A detailed list of all changes to BIND 9 is included in the file CHANGES, with the most recent changes listed first. Change notes include tags indicating the category of the change that was made; these categories are: [func] New feature [bug] General bug fix [security] Fix for a significant security flaw [experimental] Used for new features when the syntax or other aspects of the design are still in flux and may change [port] Portability enhancement [maint] Updates to built-in data such as root server addresses and keys [tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults and constants to improve performance [performance] Other changes to improve server performance [protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new RR types [test] Changes to the automatic tests, not affecting server functionality [cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring [doc] Documentation [contrib] Changes to the contributed tools and libraries in the 'contrib' subdirectory [placeholder] Used in the master development branch to reserve change numbers for use in other branches, e.g. when fixing a bug that only exists in older releases In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear in new-feature releases (i.e., those with version numbers ending in zero). Some new functionality may be backported to older releases on a case-by-case basis. All other change types may be applied to all currently-supported releases. Bug Reports and Mailing Lists Bug reports should be sent to: bind9-bugs@isc.org Feature requests can be sent to: bind-suggest@isc.org To join or view the archives of the BIND Users mailing list, visit: https://lists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-users If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source code, you may also want to join the BIND Workers mailing list: https://lists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-workers Information on read-only Git access, coding style and developer guidelines can be found at: http://www.isc.org/git/